Citizens of the countries that do not fall within one of the visitor visa exemption countries need to apply for a visitor visa (temporary resident visa) to visit or transit Canada.

Visitor Visa (Temporary Resident Visa) Exemption Countries:

Andorra, Antigua and Barbuda, Australia, Austria, Bahamas, Barbados, Belgium, Botswana, Brunei, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Israel (National Passport holders only), Italy, Japan, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Mexico, Monaco, Namibia, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Papua New Guinea, Poland, Portugal, South Korea, St. Kitts and Nevis, St. Lucia, St. Vincent, San Marino, Singapore, Slovakia, Solomon Islands, Spain, Swaziland, Sweden, Slovenia, Switzerland, United States, and Western Samoa
US green card holders (permanent residents)
British citizens and British Overseas Citizens who are re-admissible to the United Kingdom
Citizens of British dependent territories who derive their citizenship through birth, descent, registration or naturalization in one of the British dependent territories of Anguilla, Bermuda, British Virgin Islands, Cayman Islands, Falkland Islands, Gibraltar, Montserrat, Pitcairn, St. Helena or the Turks and Caicos Islands
Persons holding a valid and subsisting Special Administrative Region passport issued by the Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People’s Republic of China
Persons holding passports or travel documents issued by the Holy See.

Extension (for those who are in Canada):

You can apply to change your current status to stay in Canada longer. To change or extend your status as a temporary resident/visitor, you will need $1,000 (CAD) for every additional month.

If you have enough funds to visit Canada or would like to extend your stay (if you are in Canada), please fill out a Visitor Visa & Extension Free Assessment.